Legalization Of Same Sex Marriages - 1390 Words

Legalization of Same Sex Marriages As a Muslim, in my opinion same sex marriage is not right and same sex marriage should not be legalized. Out of this statement comes the question: what is the purpose and meaning of marriage. Can we ever explain marriage in the context of a bond between two males or two females. Can this relationship be called a â€Å"Marriage†? Whether we disguise this relationship with the label of marriage, does it become accepted into society as a real marriage? Or are we fooling ourselves? Marriage is a sacred bond between a man and a woman which defines many different aspects of a relationship. It is a complement between two different and opposite types of humans. In the natural state of existence, traditional marriage is meant to be between two people of the opposite sex. But for the past 20 years, the debate of the legalization of marriage has uprooted many ideologies that once existed in traditional societies. Society is now conforming to a different mentality and it is questioning the purity of marital relations as cited in the Torah, in the Bible and in the Quran as well in ancient scripts from civilizations of the past. Do we really believe that same sex marriages will be equal to heterosexual marriage? Many people believe that marriage has two objectives; one is to procreate and the other is to have intimate relations. In society a lot of people are opposed to same sex marriages because in a traditional marriage the idea is that there is onlyShow MoreRelatedLegalization Of Same Sex Marriage Essay963 Words   |  4 PagesKaye Shannelle Romuar Alfritz Arevalo Angelika Figueroa Legalization of Same-Sex Marriage I. Introduction Same-sex marriage can also be called gay marriage. This is a marriage between two males or two females, in either a religious setting or in a civil ceremony. Same-sex unions are recorded in the history of a number of cultures but this type of marriage is rare, or doesn’t exist in other cultures .The first law that provided same-sex marriage for the people was in 2001 in the Netherlands. As of JulyRead MoreLegalization Of Same Sex Marriage1594 Words   |  7 PagesWhy The Nationwide Legalization Of Same Sex Marriage Will Greatly Benefit The Economy Same-sex marriage has been a long debated issue in the United States. Since the nationwide legalization of same-sex marriage in countries such as Holland, Belgium, and Canada American gay couples have been pushing harder for equal marriage rights under the law. Opponents claim that allowing same-sex unions would not only lead to less stable marriages and higher divorce rates for heterosexual couples, but also precipitateRead MoreThe Legalization Of Same Sex Marriage930 Words   |  4 Pagesof legalizing same-sex marriage all across the nation, after years of social, political, and cultural mobilizations of members of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community and allies. However, this achievement is not an end it itself. Leaders of the marriage equality movement, as well as community members, ask: Now what? This proposed project attempts to provide an answer for this question by looking at the perceived impact of the legalization of same-sex marriage among Black LG BTsRead MoreThe Legalization Of Same Sex Marriage938 Words   |  4 PagesRights To All Most people believe that they deserve the rights they are granted by the government. A citizen who pays their taxes, serves their community and abides by the law should be afforded the same rights as any American. However, not all citizens are afforded equal rights. Lesbians, gays, bi-sexual, and transgender (LGBT) are consistently denied rights that are typically taken for granted by the average American. Specifically, gay and lesbians couples are denied the right to marry even ifRead MoreThe Legalization Of Same Sex Marriage2317 Words   |  10 PagesCavataio PHL 118: Intro to Philosophy 8/14/14 Gary Fuller One of the most heated and debated topics today is the legalization of same-sex marriage. No matter where you look, people are always expressing their opinion on this issue. Politicians, athletes, and celebrities are some of the many people who continually come out with either support or opposition of same-sex marriage. History has shown that issues regarding equality and rights take time to move forward. The women’s suffrage movementRead MoreThe Legalization Of Same Sex Marriage1091 Words   |  5 PagesThe legalization of same-sex marriage is a hot topic in the U.S. approving, it in all fifty states can be harmful to the country. Same-sex marriage should not have been legalized in the United States. First, legalizing can be harmful to the society, Second, same-sex marriage it always denies a child a father or a mother, Third, legalizing It Offends some religions and violates tradition. In addition, It means all citizens should have understood of the consequences before maki ng the decision. OneRead MoreThe Legalization Of Same Sex Marriage1411 Words   |  6 PagesNikta Kalatari Writing Assignment #1 The proposead legalization of same-sex marriage is one of the most significant issues in contemporary American family law. Presently, it is one of the most vigorously advocated reforms discussed in law reviews, one of the most explosive political questions facing lawmakers, and one of the most provocative issues emerging before American courts. If same-sex marriage is legalized, it could be one of the most revolutionary policy decisions in the history of AmericanRead MoreThe Legalization Of Same Sex Marriage1294 Words   |  6 Pages The Legalization of Homosexual Marriage Brandon Taylor Wichita State University Gay marriage, also known as homosexual or same-sex marriage, has been a major topic in our country ever since it was allowed in Massachusetts whenever the state’s Supreme Court ruled the ban as unconstitutional. It was legalized in thirty seven of the fifty states before the Supreme Court’s ruling on June 26, 2015 that it was unconstitutional to deny marriage to a same sex couple (ProCon.org, 2015). The Merriam-WebsterRead MoreThe Legalization of Same Sex Marriage 1623 Words   |  6 Pageshow the citizens value their morals. An every day American would think that being with the same sex is not normal, or is frowned upon. Recent studies show that half of all Americans believe that gay men and lesbians have a constitutional right to marry (Craighill). Same-sex marriage has caused many conflicts around the country and even the world with multiple stand points. World views on same-sex marriage are changing day to day. â€Å"Of the 15 countries worldwide to permit gay m en and lesbians to marryRead MoreLegalization of Same Sex Marriage9779 Words   |  40 PagesTHE LEGALIZATION OF SAME SEX MARRIAGE AS ASSESED BY CITHM STUDENTS S.Y. 2011-2012 A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the College of International Tourism And Hospitality Management LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Tourism By Ang, Dianne Marie M. Bayot, Donalynne B. October 2011 CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND INTRODUCTION    In our generation today, homosexuals

Changing the Target Audience in Retail Sales Free Essays

â€Å"On average, middle-aged consumers devote 39 percent of their retail expenditure to department store products and services, while for younger consumers the average is only 25 percent. Since the number of middle-aged people will increase dramatically within the next decade, department stores can expect retail sales to increase significantly during that period. Furthermore, to take advantage of the trend, these stores should begin to replace some of those products intended to attract the younger consumer with products intended to attract the middle-aged consumer. We will write a custom essay sample on Changing the Target Audience in Retail Sales or any similar topic only for you Order Now Essay 1: The argument that department retail sales will increase in the next 10 years and thus department stores should begin to replace products to attract middle-aged consumers is not entirely logically convincing, since it omits certain crucial assumptions First of all, the argument ignores the absolute amount of retail expenditure of middle-aged and younger consumers devoted to department store products and services. Although younger consumers spend a smaller percentage of their retail expenditure to department store products than do the middle-aged consumers, they might actually spend more in terms of the absolute amount. Even if middle-aged consumers are spending more than younger ones in department stores, the argument ignores the possibility that the trend may change within the next decade. Younger consumers might prefer to shop in department stores than in other types of stores, and middle-aged consumers might turn to other types of stores, too. This will lead to a higher expenditure of younger consumers in department stores than that of middle-aged consumers. Besides, the argument never addresses the population difference between middle-aged consumers and younger ones. Suppose there are more younger consumers than the middle-aged ones now, the total population base of younger consumers will be bigger than that of the middle-aged ones if both of them grow at the same rate in the next decade. Thus there will be a bigger younger consumer base. Based on the reasons I listed above, the argument is not completely sound. The evidence in support of the conclusion does little to prove the conclusion since it does not address the assumptions I have already raised. Ultimately, the argument might have been more convincing by making it clear that the absolute population of middle-aged consumers are higher than that of the younger consumers and the number will continue to grow in the next decade, and that the middle-aged consumers will continue to spend more money in department stores than younger consumers do in the next decade. Essay 2: The argument that retailers should replace some of the products intended to attract the younger consumers with products intended to attract the middle-aged consumers is not entirely logically convincing, since it ignores certain crucial assumptions. First, the argument omits the assumption that the business volumes of both the middle-aged consumers and the younger consumers are the same. If the business volume of the middle-aged consumers’ 39% is smaller than that of the younger consumers’ 25%, the retail sales will not increase during the next decade. Second, even if the business volumes of both the middle-aged consumers and the younger consumers were the same in the last decade, the increase of the middle-aged people in the next decade is not the same as the increase of the retail expenditure, for the retail trade depends more on such factors as the economic circumstances, people’s consuming desire. Finally, the argument never assumes the increase of the younger consumers within the next decade. If the younger consumers increase at the same rate and spend the same amount of money on the goods and services of department stores, the retailers should never ignore them. Thus the argument is not completely sound. The evidence in support of the conclusion that the growing number of middle-aged people within the next decade does little to prove the conclusion—that department stores should begin to replace some of their products to attract the middle-aged consumers since it does not address the assumptions I have already raised. Ultimately, the argument might have been strengthened by making it clear that the business volumes of both types of consumers are the same and comparable, that the increase of a certain type of consumers are correlated with the increase of the retail sales, and that the growth rate of the younger consumers are the same as that of the middle-aged consumers. Essay 3: Based on an expected increase in the number of middle-aged people during the next decade, the author predicts that retail sales at department stores will increase significantly over the next ten years. To bolster this prediction, the author cites statistics showing that middle-aged people devote a much higher percentage of their retail expenditure to department-store services and products than younger consumers do. Since the number of middle-aged consumers is on the rise and since they spend more than younger people on department-store goods and services, the author further recommends that department stores begin to adjust their inventories to capitalize on this trend. Specifically, it is recommended that department stores increase their inventory of products aimed at middle-aged consumers and decrease their inventory of products aimed at younger consumers. This argument is problematic for two reasons. First, an increase in the number of middle-aged people does not necessarily portend an overall increase in department-store sales. It does so only on the assumption that other population groups will remain relatively constant. For example, if the expected increase in the number of middle-aged people is offset by an equally significant decrease in the number of younger people, there will be little or no net gain in sales. Second, in recommending that department stores replace products intended to attract younger consumers with products more suitable to middle-aged consumers, the author assumes that the number of younger consumers will not also increase. Since a sizable increase in the population of younger consumers could conceivably offset the difference in the retail expenditure patterns of younger and middle-aged consumers, it would be unwise to make the recommended inventory adjustment lacking evidence to support this assumption. In conclusion, this argument is unacceptable. To strengthen the argument the author would have to provide evidence that the population of younger consumers will remain relatively constant over the next decade. How to cite Changing the Target Audience in Retail Sales, Papers

Massimo Dutti Marketing Plan free essay sample

As Massimo built its brand taking care of all the above, the brand managed to built a strong customer base that’s loyal and satisfied, for all of that Massimo customer management is considered the best and always fulfill the promise they treat their customers as a unique personals who are fashionable and classy and looking to own the best out there. Physical evidence people Logistics Production Visual demonstration of the importance of each Success Factor Customers Industry Analysis| * Industry Trends | Designer Houses: everybody in the fashion industry is looking to imitate and make the designer houses high end expensive styles available for the streets. * Runway Style: the runway iconic styles and trends is the main leader of the fashion industry, anything that goes on the runway is anticipated by all fashion customers. * Inclusive: there is a wide range of styles and looks that is available each season, so it’s not a stiff industry it’s fast moving industry. * key success Factors| to success in this industry you have to make sure that you are doing the following: * Differentiation Customer Focused * Physical Evidence * Satisfying New Fashion Consumer SWOT analysis| * Opportunities * Plus Size women do not have a fashion brand that is high end and they can relate to. * Unsatisfied huge segment in Egypt, most Egyptian women are curvy and tend to be a little bit fat. * Threats * Design difficulties. * advertising challenge â€Å" you can’t tell women they are FAT â€Å" * Exciting Customer reaction and keeping current female customers who are not FAT. * Fat is not Fashionable * Strength * Strong Brand * Loyal Customers * Unique image * Sustainable growth Weaknesses * New in the segment * More experienced competitors * Lack of e-commerce Customer Analysis Profile: Todays Fashion and outfit customers: * More educated: the level of education is high, also the resource to learn more about fashion is available everywhere especially with the digital revolution and the mobile and internet availability. * Have a lot of choices: a lot of brands are available which allow the current customers to choose from a lot of alternatives, that makes them very careful of small details and what the brand has to offer. More savvy and demanding: as they have a lot of choices they turned to become more demanding because if a brand wont obey them another one will, so the customers know that they can get what they demand. Behavior Fashion Customers: * Well educated: they know about the fashion trends and they are looking for the latest trends in the brands they love. * Group buyers: they tend to follow the group, so they buy stuff similar to what their friends are wearing specially if their friends are trendy. * Buying dec ision are self motives trying to reflect a better self image. out of every 3 women is unhappy by the way their clothes fit them Segment Analysis Plus size â€Å" curvy women â€Å" market share 60% 40% increase by 2014 Only 5% of fashion retail space is dedicated to plus size products Market Analysis Low price High price Low Fashion High Fashion Bershka Pull and Bear Burrberry CK French collection Concrete Tawheed amp; Noor Wild Hamp;M * As we can see tha Massimo brand owns a very unique position within the fashion industry, as it comes with high fashion outfit with a reasonable price. Marketing and Promotional Plan Strategic Marketing Objectives | Overall Marketing Objectives Increase customer equity Sub objectives: * Increase customer satisfaction, decrease dissatisfaction of Plus size curvy consumers. * Increase purchase frequency of plus size curvy consumers. * Continue to grow and extend current Massimo Dutti Consumers. * Increase brand awareness among customers. Marketing STP Main Segment Plus size, Full shape body women Demographics * Age 18-40 * Live in big cities * Professional women * High class B house wifes * Educated Physiographic * Enjoy shopping * Interested in fashion trends Want to buy * Clothes that fit their body * Make them feel beautiful Positioning The only brand that designs its products specially to fit your body and make you beautiful† Building a customer focused Product: Design: * Design products that complement full body shape Product symbolism * Massimo Dutti knows my body shape * I Look good in Massimo dutti Cloths * I feel beautfull Colors and material * Differenciate from compeitiors * Colors and materials should reflec t high quality Brand Lable * Differnciate form compeitiors * Reflects elegance and quality Promotion Strategy Above the line: Print Advertising Below the line: Public Relation Brand Communication Sponsoring Social events Main Objective Inform about the new line Create positive emotion about it Generate consumer interest and Purchase intention. Advertising Strategy: â€Å"The only true fashion brand that consider your body shapeâ€Å" Emotional appeal * Less is more * Consistent with current strategy * Support new line launch only Advertising idea Generation: For the Full body shape women target consumers , Massimo Dutti is the fashion expert brand character for your wardrobe Product competitive frame that helps you look the best you can Brand promise because it takes the high fashion trends and adapts them for the real you emotional support Advertising Creative Elements * High Fashion Look * Full Shape body model * Body shape reveled: Curve lines should not be hidden, Give the feeling of powerful and dominant sexy women, * Desired impact: released sexuality, element of surprise. Format Double page spread print with the Massimo Dutti logo in a great position. Placement * Fashion monthly magazine. * Teenager magazines. * Women Magazines. Art work inspiration For you By For you By Thank you

Loyalty In Odyssey Essay Research Paper LoyaltyIn free essay sample

Loyalty In Odyssey Essay, Research Paper Loyalty In The Odyssey by Homer, the scene when Odysseus Canis familiaris Argos recognized him after 19 old ages of absence, along with Eumaios still esteeming his maestro greatly showed that a loyal individual in the Odyssey or even in the Grecian society will be respected while the disloyal are despised. Unlike unpatriotic characters such as Melanthios, the reader respects characters that put responsibility over personal addition in The Odyssey. The Characters get what they deserve in the Odyssey, if they are respectable, they normally end up good, if they are unpatriotic, they end up bad. Both Argos and Odysseus did non bury each other during their 19 old ages of separation. Even when Argos is weak, dirty, and death, he still tried to demo fondness toward Odysseus by wagging his tail, and puting his ears back. This showed that his trueness towards Odysseus neer faded despite his maestro s absence. We will write a custom essay sample on Loyalty In Odyssey Essay Research Paper LoyaltyIn or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When Odysseus recognized Argos, and realized he neer forgot about him, Odysseus becomes emotional, and wiped a bead of tear off. I was touched after reading this scene, and it was difficult to disregard my regard and sympathy towards Argos. Not merely the animate beings display this kind of allegiance, nevertheless since Argos was loyal, the reader respects this character. Eumaios, the pigman, besides embodies the features of a faithful retainer. Like Argos, even when Odysseus is speculated as dead, Eumaios still refers to Odysseus as his maestro: I call him my Maestro, though he is absent. His sort intervention of the mendicant, who was really Odysseus, shows he is a good individual in general, non merely to his maestro. The fact that Eumaios sleeps with Odysseus hogs every N ight greatly reinforces this form of being loyal. He was so loyal that in order to take attention of his absent maestro s support he sacrificed himself. I respected Eumaios because he treated the belongings as if he expected Odysseus to return at dawn. In the terminal, he besides helped Odysseus in the feast hall conflict. His ultimate destiny was non due to luck, but instead a life of sturdy devotedness. Not all of Odysseus s retainers emulated this ideal. Melanthios, to the reverse was the exact antonym of Eumaios. He ignored his responsibility as a goat herder by presenting the caprine animals to the suers alternatively of protecting Odysseus belongings. Even though Odysseus has been gone for a long clip, he should still make his occupation because Penelope was still his maestro. Even though the goat herder insulted Odysseus inadvertently, the writer used dramatic sarcasm here to stress the servant s foolhardiness. The reader knows Odysseus was in camouflage, and he was keeping in his choler, but Melanthios didn t. He kicked him on the street, he tried to state Odysseus to go forth his ain house, and he even helps the suers during the feast. These scenes foreshadowed Melanthios barbarous executing later in the narrative. In decision, the loyal characters in The Odyssey had a good terminal to them, and the unpatriotic characters all suffered. Since Homer wrote this drama 100s of old ages ago, this shows that in the Grecian society trueness was an of import feature to hold. ( In a universe of great uncertainness, the devotedness of Alliess, friends, and retainers can non be overlooked. Though the times have changed, the value of fidelity has non. Like Odysseus, each of us should measure our friends and Alliess before puting complete trust in them.

the American constitution essays

the American constitution essays The Federalist No. 10 by James Madison and The Tyranny of the Majority by Alexis de Tocqueville are two political papers which analyze some parts of the American constitution. Each of the authors have their own distinct thoughts on the constitution and they agree in some areas, and, differ drastically in others. To start, a topic that is touched upon in both of these documents was the fact that although it may not be in the best interest of the general public, the needs of the many will outweigh the needs of the few. This is also know as the concept of majority. Although Madison was trying to prove the constitution was a worthy government plan, he yet was honest in his Federalist No. 10. He knew that there would be drawbacks to the factions that were beginning to form. Yet, he was sure to sate the brighter side of the picture about the factions and how the government planned to limit the number of parties to prevent a non-majority. He also came to the conclusion that when a majority has been reached it has two options. First, the majority can continue being the winning argument and virtually control the minority. Or, if the majority sees fit, it can surrender it position of control and give the power to the minority therefore limiting the absolute power of the minority. Tocqueville on the other stated his views on the factions from the view of an unlimited faction republic. He wrote that majority was impossible with unlimited factions due to that they would be so numerous and inadequate in size for there to even be a chance for a majority. Another thing that Tocqueville had theorized was that if a government ran simply upon majority rule, there would be a great upset in the balance of law. There would be this upset due to that the majority would vote one way and there would be no other option on the subject. For example, a man killed an attempted murderer in self defense. Giving the majority the benefit of th...

Habits and Traits of Gall Wasps

Habits and Traits of Gall Wasps Have you ever seen those misshapen lumps on the twigs of oak trees? Those peculiar growths are called galls, and theyre almost always caused by gall wasps. Although theyre quite common, gall wasps (family Cynipidae) often go unnoticed because of their diminutive size. How Are Gall Wasps Classified? Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ArthropodaClass: InsectaOrder: HymenopteraFamily: Cynipidae What Do Gall Wasps Look Like? Cynipid wasps are quite small, with few species measuring over 5 millimeters in length, and usually drab in color, which makes them rather inconspicuous. Its often easier to identify gall wasps from the galls themselves. Tracks and Sign of Insects and Other Invertebrates is an excellent reference for identifying North American gall-makers from the galls they leave behind. Cynipids infest plants in the rose, willow, aster, and oak families. Cynipid galls vary greatly in size, shape, and appearance, depending on the host plant and the gall wasp species involved. Gall wasps arent the only organisms that trigger gall development in plants, but they are probably the most prolific gall-makers, especially in oak trees. About 80% of gall wasps target oaks specifically. In North America, well over 700 gall wasp species create galls in oaks. Gall wasps look like tiny hunchbacks. When viewed from above, the abdomen may appear to have just two segments, but the rest are simply compressed beneath, in telescoping fashion. Gall wasps have minimal wing venation and filiform antennae (usually consisting of 13 segments in females, and 14-15 segments in males). Youre unlikely to see gall wasp larvae unless youre in the habit of dissecting galls. Each tiny, white larva lives within its own chamber, feeding constantly. They lack legs and have chewing mouthparts. What Do Gall Wasps Eat? Gall wasp larvae derive nutrition from the galls in which they live. Adult gall wasps are short-lived and do not feed. Surprisingly for an insect that eats so much, the larvae dont poop. Gall wasp larvae dont have anuses, so there is simply no way for them to expel their waste. They wait until the pupal stage to rid their bodies of fecal matter. The Life Cycle of Gall Wasps The cynipid life cycle can be quite complex. In some species, male and female gall wasps mate and the female oviposits in the host plant. Some gall wasps are parthenogenetic, and produce males rarely, if ever. Still others alternate sexual and asexual generations, and these distinct generations may use different host plants. In very general terms, the gall wasp life cycle involves complete metamorphosis, with four life stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. The female deposits an egg into the meristematic tissue of the host plant. When the egg hatches and the larva begins to feed, it triggers a reaction in the host plant, causing the formation of the gall. The larva feeds within the gall and eventually pupates. The adult gall wasp usually chews an exit hole to escape the gall. Special Behaviors of Gall Wasps Some gall wasps dont produce galls in their host plants but are instead inquilines of other species galls. The female wasp oviposits into an existing gall, and her offspring hatch and feed on it. The inquiline larvae may indirectly kill the larvae that induced the gall to form, simply by outcompeting them for food. Where Do Gall Wasps Live? Scientists have described 1,400 species of gall wasps worldwide, but many estimate that the family Cynipidae may actually include as many as 6,000 species. Over 750 species inhabit North America. Resources and Further Reading   Capinera, John L., editor.  Encyclopedia of Entomology. 2nd ed., Springer, 2008.Frogge, Mary Jane. â€Å"Most Leaf Galls Dont Hurt Trees (Galls).†Ã‚  Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources: The Nebline, University of Nebraska-Lincoln in Lancaster County, May 2012.Johnson, Norman F., and Charles A. Triplehorn.  Borror and DeLongs Introduction to the Study of Insects. 7th ed., Cengage Learning, 2004.Leung, Richard, et al. â€Å"Family Cynipidae - Gall Wasps.†Ã‚  BugGuide.Net, Iowa State University, 13 Apr. 2005.

MARKETING - Brands cannot be expected to last forever Essay

MARKETING - Brands cannot be expected to last forever - Essay Example The ability of brand to capture the market determines the term of its survival. Several factors play crucial roles in determining the life span of a brand. Raymond Vernon (as cited in Steers & Nardon, 2006, p.36) has developed a product or brand life cycle theory that clearly illustrates different phases in the life span of a brand, they are; product development, introduction, growth, maturity, and decline. It is the first phase of a brand life cycle and the company carries out design, production, and research in this phase in order to ensure that the proposed idea would meet customer needs effectively. According to Kotler, Keller, Koshy, and Jha (2009, p.550), the management team usually conducts some market surveys to identify current market trends. Subsequently the company makes further modifications to the product in the light of obtained market responses. During this phase, the designed product is introduced into the market under a certain brand name. As it is a new brand in the market, consumers may not have adequate knowledge about it. Hence, marketers launch some public campaigns to promote the specific features of the products and thereby to popularize the brand. During this phase, the branded product would build its foundation in the market. The launched public campaigns and promotional techniques would begin to show its outcomes. However, the company still works with its advertising efforts so as to expand the brand image in the market. The branded product would have maximum market shares and have reached its peak of sales. In the opinion of Kotler et al (2009, p.304), during the maturity phase, growth gradually begins to slow down. The term of the maturity phase may vary from product to product according to the value of brand image. According to Meissner (2010), in the decline phase, brand awareness would be high even though sales are on the decline. Price falls, weakness in competitiveness, and emergence of rival would be other common